Financialintermediate
Calculate a fixed loan payment with PMT
=PMT(B1/12,B2*12,-B3)
Financial
Financial formulas
Model loan payments, net present value, internal rate of return, and depreciation.
Financialintermediate
Calculate future value of savings with FV
=FV(B1/12,B2*12,-B3)
Financialadvanced
Calculate internal rate of return with IRR
=IRR(B2:B7)
Financialadvanced
Calculate net present value with NPV
=NPV(B1,B3:B7)+B2
Financialbeginner
Calculate straight-line depreciation with SLN
=SLN(B1,B2,B3)
Financialadvanced
Calculate the interest rate of a loan with RATE
=RATE(B1*12,-B2,B3)*12
Frequently asked questions
How do I calculate an annual payment instead of monthly?
Use the annual rate directly and the total years as nper — =PMT(B1, B2, -B3) — without dividing or multiplying.
How do I model a lump-sum investment with no ongoing contributions?
Set pmt to 0 and use the pv argument — =FV(rate, nper, 0, -lump_sum) — to grow a one-time deposit at compound interest.
What is the difference between IRR and XIRR?
IRR assumes evenly-spaced periods. XIRR accepts actual dates for each cash flow, making it more accurate for irregular payment schedules.
What does a positive NPV mean?
A positive NPV means the investment creates value — the discounted future cash flows exceed the initial cost. A negative NPV means the investment destroys value at the given discount rate.